The remaining carbon atom is either part of an aldehyde group, in which case the monosaccharide is called an aldose or aldo sugar, or is part of a keto group, when it is called a ketose or keto sugar. In monosaccharides, all the carbon atoms except one have a hydroxyl group attached. aldehydes are very easily oxidised and hence are powerful reducing agents. Their chemistry is determined by these groups. They are aldehydes or ketones and all contain several hydroxyl groups. Carbohydrates are substances which contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and have the general formula Cx(H 2O)y, where x and y are variable numbers their name (hydrate of carbon) is derived from the fact that hydrogen and oxygen are present in the same proportions as in ‘water’ namely two hydrogen atoms to one oxygen atom.
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